Metal laser cutting is one of the important applications of current laser technology. With the development of fiber laser technology, metal laser cutting has gradually become the main market for laser applications, and laser cutting equipment has gradually become the main force to replace traditional metal cutting equipment.

 

In fact, the cutting process of a metal laser cutting machine is essentially different from that of traditional machining. Metal laser cutting is to irradiate a laser beam to the surface of a metal workpiece, and achieve the purpose of cutting or engraving by melting and evaporating the metal workpiece. Laser cutting has the advantages of accuracy, speed, material saving, smooth section, and low overall processing cost.

 

Divided in principle, fiber cutting machines can be divided into the following categories:

1) Vaporized cutting

Use a high-energy density laser beam to heat the workpiece. It vaporizes in a short period of time to form steam. Make a cut in the material. The heat of vaporization of materials is generally large, so high power and power density are required for laser vaporization and cutting.

2) Melt cutting

In laser melting and cutting, the metal material is melted by laser heating, and the nozzle is sprayed with non-oxidizing gas (Ar, He, N, etc.), relying on the strong pressure of the gas to discharge the liquid metal to form an incision. The energy required is only 1/10 of that of vaporized cutting. Laser melting cutting is mainly used for cutting some materials that are not easy to oxidize or active metals, such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum and their alloys.

3) Oxygen cutting

It uses a laser as a preheating heat source and an active gas such as oxygen as the cutting gas. On the one hand, the blown gas reacts with the cutting metal to generate oxidation reaction and release a large amount of oxidation heat; on the other hand, the molten oxide and melt are blown out of the reaction zone, and the cutting speed is much faster than laser vaporization cutting and melting cutting. Laser oxygen cutting is mainly used for easily oxidized metal materials such as carbon steel, titanium steel and heat-treated steel.