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Introduction to the characteristics of different laser cutting machines

  02 Nov , 2022         ACCTEK         286

This paper compares the fiber laser cutting machine with the CO2 laser cutting machine and the YAG laser cutting machine, and analyzes their respective characteristics and advantages.
The laser cutting machine is a laser beam emitted from the laser, which is focused into a high power density laser beam by the optical path system. The laser beam irradiates the surface of the workpiece, causing the workpiece to reach its melting or boiling point, while a high pressure gas coaxial to the beam blows the molten or vaporised metal away. As the beam moves relative to the workpiece, it eventually causes the material to form a cut, thus achieving the purpose of cutting.
 
The laser cutting process uses an invisible light beam instead of a traditional mechanical knife, which has the characteristics of high precision, fast cutting, not limited to cutting pattern restrictions, automatic nesting to save material, smooth kerf, low processing costs, etc. It will gradually improve or replace the traditional metal cutting process equipment. The mechanical part of the laser head has no contact with the workpiece and will not cause scratches on the surface of the workpiece during work; laser cutting speed is fast, the kerf is smooth and flat and generally no subsequent processing is required; the heat-affected zone of cutting is small, the plate deformation is small and the cutting slit is narrow (0.1mm~0.3mm); there is no mechanical stress in the kerf and no shear burr; the processing accuracy is high, the repeatability is good and the material surface is not damaged; the CNC programming allows processing Arbitrary planes, can cut whole plates with large widths without opening moulds, economical and time-saving.
 
Fiber laser cutting machine which can do both flat cutting and bevel cutting processing, and the edge is neat and smooth, suitable for metal plate and other high-precision cutting processing. The fiber laser cutting machine is more space-saving and gas-consuming than ordinary CO2 laser cutting machine, with high photoelectric conversion rate, which is a new product of energy-saving and environmental protection, and one of the world's leading technology products.
 

Advantages of fiber laser cutting machines over CO2 laser cutting machines.

1) Excellent beam quality: smaller focused spot, finer cutting lines, higher efficiency and better processing quality.
2) Extremely high cutting speed: twice as fast as the equivalent power CO2 laser cutting machine.
3) Extremely high stability: the use of the world's top-class fibre laser, stable performance, the service life of key components up to 100,000 hours.
4) Very high electro-optical conversion efficiency: the photoelectric conversion efficiency of fiber laser cutting machine reaches about 40-50%, which is three times higher than that of CO2 laser cutting machine, energy saving and environmental protection.
5) Very low cost of use: the power consumption of the fiber laser cutting machine is only 20-30% of similar CO2 laser cutting machines.
6) Very low maintenance costs: no laser working gas; fiber optic transmission, no reflector lens; can save a lot of maintenance costs.
7) Easy operation and maintenance of the product: fiber optic transmission, no need to adjust the optical path.
8) Superb flexible light-guiding effect: compact size and structure, easy for flexible processing requirements.
 
Of course, compared to CO2 laser cutting machines, the cutting range of optical fibres is relatively narrow. Because of its wavelength, it can only cut metallic materials and is not easily absorbed by non-metals, thus affecting its cutting range.

Advantages of fiber laser cutting machines over YAG laser cutting machines.

(1) Cutting speed: the speed of the fiber laser cutting machine is 4-5 times faster than YAG, suitable for mass processing and production
(2) Cost of use: The cost of using a fibre laser cutting machine is less than that of a YAG solid-state laser cutting machine.
(3) Photoelectric conversion efficiency: the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a fibre laser cutting machine is about 10 times higher than that of a YAG
The price of the corresponding fiber laser is higher, so the price of fiber laser cutting machine than the YAG laser cutting machine to a lot higher.
 

Metal laser cutting machine advantages

(1) High precision, high speed, narrow cutting slit, minimal heat affected zone, smooth and burr-free cutting surface.
(2) The laser cutting head does not come into contact with the material surface and does not scratch the workpiece.
(3) Narrowest cutting slit, minimal heat affected zone, minimal local deformation of the workpiece, no mechanical deformation.
(4) Good processing flexibility, can process arbitrary shapes, and can also cut tubes and other profiles.
(5) It is possible to cut steel plates, stainless steel, aluminium alloy plates, hard alloys and other materials of any hardness without deformation.
(6) Save investment in moulds: Laser processing does not require moulds, no mould consumption, no need to repair moulds, saving time to replace moulds, thus saving processing costs and reducing production costs, especially suitable for processing of large products.
(7) Save material: With computer programming, different shapes can be cut out to maximise the utilisation of material.
(8) Increase the speed of samples leaving the factory: immediately after the product drawing is formed, laser processing can be carried out, and the new product can be obtained in kind in the shortest possible time.
(9) Safety and environmental protection: laser processing has less waste, low noise, clean, safe and pollution-free, which greatly improves the working environment.
 

Fiber laser metal cutting machine value significance

Metal laser cutting machine is a process revolution in sheet metal processing, is the "processing centre" in sheet metal processing; laser cutting machine flexibility level is high, cutting speed is fast, high consumption efficiency, product consumption cycle is short, for customers to win the universal market. Laser cutting machine without cutting force, processing without deformation; no tool wear, material compliance is good; whether it is simple or complex parts, can use the laser a fine and fast forming cutting; its narrow slit, cutting quality, high level of automation, simple operation, low labour intensity, no pollution; can complete the cutting of automatic sample, nesting, improve the application rate of the material, low consumption costs, good economic efficiency. The effective life of the technology is long, currently in foreign countries beyond 2MM thickness of the plate most of the adoption of fiber laser cutting machine, many experts analysis that the next 30-40 years is the golden period of the expansion of laser processing technology.
 

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