Advantages of laser cutting and matters needing attention during cutting
Advantages of laser cutting technology:
1. High quality and excellent cutting quality
The laser beam used in laser cutting equipment can be focused into a very small point of light, which can make the laser cutting machine to achieve very high power, therefore, its cutting speed is fast, high precision, but also can ensure that the workpiece does not appear deformation.
2. Strong adaptability and sensitivity
This is a kind of thermal cutting technology as the cutting process, the affected area during the cutting process is small, there is no large-scale impact.It also has the advantage of being able to process some nonmetals, which other laser cutting equipment can not do.
3. It has high energy and can freely control its density change
The laser beam has very good control performance, we can freely control the operation path of the laser cutting machine, any hard material can be cut accordingly.For those small parts, we can also do local perfect cutting.
Laser cutting technology has the following aspects:
1. Melt cutting is to make the laser light speed of incident shine on the plate. When the laser power reaches a certain critical value, the local area will melt to achieve the cutting effect.
2. Vaporization cutting adopts laser beam with high power density to conduct heating processing on the material, which avoids the heat conduction leading to burr of slag, and part of the material vaporizes into steam and disappears, with beautiful edges.
Oxidation cutting is the hot machining that occurs when oxygen is blown out of a nozzle and ignited by a laser nozzle.The heat of brittle materials, easily damaged by high speed and controlled cutting carried out by laser heating, leads to large thermal gradients and severe mechanical deformation, forming cracks in the material, also known as controlled fracture cutting.
Notes for laser cutting of different materials:
Steel structure
Oxygen is usually used to cut materials for better results.When oxygen is used as the processing gas, the cutting edge will be slightly oxidized and the section will have a good effect.When the plate thickness is less than 3mm and the laser power is large, nitrogen can be considered as the processing gas for high pressure cutting.In this case, the cutting edge will not be oxidized, cutting speed will be very fast, greatly improving the production efficiency.In addition, sometimes the thickness of the plate more than 10mm, laser cutting machine USES special laser plate, in the processing can consider to give the workpiece surface oil, can make the cutting product to achieve better results.
Stainless steel
The material is generally cut with nitrogen gas, so that no oxidation can be produced burr edge.Cutting products also requires any treatment.In addition, coating the surface of the plate with oil film can obtain better perforation effect without reducing the processing quality.
In the current trend of optical fiber laser, customers can choose pneumatic cutting, cutting effect and speed can also achieve good results, that is, the cutting section has a certain degree of oxidation, the section is a little black.The customer needs to be equipped with an air compressor (1.3-1.8mpa medium and high pressure), a cold dryer, and an air storage tank (0.6-1 cubic).
aluminum
Although ordinary aluminum has high reflectivity and high thermal conductivity, it can be cut, depending on the type of aluminum and the laser capability.When cutting aluminum alloy with oxygen, the cutting surface is rough and hard, while when cutting with nitrogen, the cutting surface is smooth.Pure aluminum is difficult to cut because of its high purity.Cutting aluminum can only be done with a "reflection absorption" device installed in the fiber laser cutting machine system, otherwise the reflection will destroy the optical elements.
Copper and brass
Both materials have high reflectivity and good thermal conductivity.Generally speaking, brass is cut with nitrogen, red copper is cut with oxygen, the thickness of less than 1mm red copper can be considered to be cut with nitrogen.Cut copper and brass only if there is a "reflection absorber" on the system, otherwise reflection will destroy the optical elements.
Synthetic materials
When cutting synthetic materials, keep in mind the hazards of cutting and the possible release of harmful substances.The machined synthetic materials include thermoplastics, thermosetting materials and elastomers.They are usually made of material fitted with carbon dioxide laser cutting machines.Fiber optics do not cut (fiber lasers do not absorb synthetic materials of a particular wavelength).
Organic matter
All organic cuttings (nitrogen as a process gas or compressed air as a process gas) are at risk of fire.Wood, leather, cardboard and paper can all be laser-cut with charred edges (brown).In general, CO2 laser cutting machine is suitable for materials, fiber laser specific wavelength does not absorb synthetic materials.
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